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Criminal Justice and Behavior
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The Mentally Retarded Offender

Prevalence Rates Based on Individual Versus Group Intelligence Tests

JEAN SPRUILL

University of Alabama

JACK MAY

Florida State University

A random sample of 10% of Florida's mentally retarded inmates were individually tested with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), the Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT), the Revised Beta, and the Vineland Social Maturity Scale. Results indicated that prevalence rates of retardation were approximately 1% when identification was based on individually administered IQ tests (the WAIS or Beta) as contrasted with the 4% prevalence rate established by entry-level group IQ testing. Entry-level group testing seriously overestimates the prevalence of retardation in prison. The process by which group tests are administered may contribute more to the increased prevalence rate than the type of test administered. Problems associated with group testing and suggestions for remediation are discussed. Program needs of the retarded are important and must be considered by the prison. It does not help to identify an inmate as retarded if adequate habilitation programs are not available.

Criminal Justice and Behavior, Vol. 15, No. 4, 484-491 (1988)
DOI: 10.1177/0093854888015004005
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[Abstract]