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Taking Stock of Criminal Profiling

A Narrative Review and Meta-Analysis

Memorial University of Newfoundland, bsnook{at}play.psych.mun.ca

Joseph Eastwood

Memorial University of Newfoundland

Paul Gendreau

University of New Brunswick

Claire Goggin

Memorial University of Newfoundland

Richard M. Cullen

Memorial University of Newfoundland

The use of criminal profiling (CP) in criminal investigations has continued to increase despite scant empirical evidence that it is effective. To take stock of the CP field, a narrative review and a 2-part meta-analysis of the published CP literature were conducted. Narrative review results suggest that the CP literature rests largely on commonsense justifications. Results from the 1st meta-analysis indicate that self-labeled profiler/experienced-investigator groups did not outperform comparison groups in predicting offenders' cognitive processes, physical attributes, offense behaviors, or social habits and history, although they were marginally better at predicting overall offender characteristics. Results of the 2nd meta-analysis indicate that self-labeled profilers were not significantly better at predicting offense behaviors, but outperformed comparison groups when predicting overall offender characteristics, cognitive processes, physical attributes, and social history and habits. Methodological shortcomings of the data and the implications of these findings for the practical utility of CP are discussed.

Key Words: criminal profiling • meta-analysis • predictive validity • psychological profiling

This version was published on April 1, 2007

Criminal Justice and Behavior, Vol. 34, No. 4, 437-453 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/0093854806296925


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