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Criminal Justice and Behavior
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Accuracy of Megargee's Criminal Offender Infrequency (Fc) Scale in Detecting Malingering Among Forensic Examinees

Michael D. Gassen

Forest Institute of Professional Psychology

Christina A. Pietz

Forest Institute of Professional Psychology, cpietz{at}bop.go

Beverly J. Spray

Forest Institute of Professional Psychology

Robert L. Denney

Forest Institute of Professional Psychology

E. I. Megargee (2004) developed a Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) Infrequency scale for use in criminal settings called the Criminal Offender Infrequency (Fc) scale. This study compared Fc with 7 other MMPI-2 validity scales in detecting malingering by obtaining archival data from evaluations of male inmates that used the MMPI-2 and the Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (SIRS). Participants were placed into groups based on the SIRS results: feigning, honest, or indeterminate. Prediction accuracy analyses were conducted for the MMPI-2 scales in differentiating honest from feigning participants. A cutoff of Fc > 14 produced the highest hit rate of any cutoff on all of the scales examined. Results from this study suggest Fc may be a useful addition to the MMPI-2 for detecting malingering in criminal settings.

Key Words: MMPI-2 • malingering • Criminal Offender Infrequency Scale • Fc scale • overreporting • forensic assessment

This version was published on April 1, 2007

Criminal Justice and Behavior, Vol. 34, No. 4, 493-504 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/0093854806295859
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Home page
 AssessmentHome page
J. A. Toomey, L. T. Kucharski, and S. Duncan
The Utility of the MMPI-2 Malingering Discriminant Function Index in the Detection of Malingering: A Study of Criminal Defendants
Assessment, March 1, 2009; 16(1): 115 - 121.
[Abstract] [PDF]