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Criminal Justice and Behavior
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A Study of Methadone Maintenance for Male Prisoners

3-Month Postrelease Outcomes

Timothy W. Kinlock

Friends Research Institute, Inc. University of Baltimore, tkinlock{at}frisrc.org

Michael S. Gordon

Friends Research Institute, Inc.

Robert P. Schwartz

Friends Research Institute, Inc. Open Society Institute-Baltimore

Kevin E. O'Grady

University of Maryland, College Park

This study examined benefits of methadone maintenance among prerelease prison inmates. Incarcerated males with preincarceration heroin dependence (n = 197) were randomly assigned to (a) group educational counseling (counseling only); (b) counseling, with opportunity to begin methadone maintenance on release (counseling + transfer); or (c) counseling and methadone maintenance in prison, with opportunity to continue methadone maintenance on release (counseling + methadone). At 90-day follow-up, counseling + methadone participants were significantly more likely than counseling-only and counseling + transfer participants to attend drug treatment (p = .0001) and less likely to be reincarcerated (p = .019). Counseling + methadone and counseling + transfer participants were significantly less likely (all ps < .05) to report heroin use, cocaine use, and criminal involvement than counseling-only participants. Follow-up is needed to determine whether these findings hold over a longer period.

Key Words: heroin addiction • prisoners • methadone maintenance

Criminal Justice and Behavior, Vol. 35, No. 1, 34-47 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/0093854807309111
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