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Criminal Justice and Behavior, Vol. 35, No. 2, 197-211 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/0093854807310225

Callous—Unemotional Traits and Antisocial Behavior

Genetic, Environmental, and Early Parenting Characteristics

Henrik Larsson

Institute of Psychiatry, Henrik.Larsson{at}ki.se

Essi Viding

Institute of Psychiatry University College London

Robert Plomin

Institute of Psychiatry

This study compared early parenting characteristics in children with different levels of callous—unemotional (CU) traits and antisocial behavior (AB). Four groups were formed on the basis of teacher assessments: high CU and low AB (CU+; N = 378), high CU and high AB (AB/CU+; N = 234), low CU and high AB (AB+; N = 210), and controls (N = 3,608). In addition, genetic and environmental influences on elevated levels of CU traits were specifically investigated in CU+ and AB/CU+ subgroups. Multivariate analysis of variance and DeFries-Fulker extremes analysis yielded three main findings: First, AB/CU+ and AB+ children exhibited higher levels of early negative parenting characteristics than CU+ children and controls. Second, these higher levels of negative parenting characteristics in AB/CU+ and AB+ children were explained by early child effects on parenting. Third, heritability estimates for CU in AB/CU+ and CU+ groups are of similar magnitude.

Key Words: parenting • callous—unemotional • antisocial behavior • twins • longitudinal • genetics


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