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Criminal Justice and Behavior
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Casting Light On Prison Violence in Scotland

Evaluating the Impact of Situational Risk Factors

David J. Cooke

Glasgow Caledonian University, djcooke{at}rgardens.vianw.co.uk

Ed Wozniak

International Corrections and Prisons Association

Lorraine Johnstone

Douglas Inch Center

Violence among prisoners and that between prisoners and staff is a perennial concern for all prison systems. That violent prisoners are only violent in certain circumstances suggests a need to develop ways to understand not only the origins of violence in prison but also the situational contexts in which violence occurs. The technology of risk assessment has evolved dramatically in the last decade; however, the focus on individual risk factors has been at the expense of a de-emphasizing of the role of situational factors. In this article, evidence for the importance of situational factors in relation to prison violence is considered. The authors describe the development of a new risk assessment procedure—promoting risk intervention by situational management (PRISM). Within the context of the Scottish Prison Service, they conclude that systematic attention to situational risk factors can help reduce prison violence.

Key Words: prison violence • risk assessment • structured professional judgment • situation risk factors • institutional risk factors • violence

Criminal Justice and Behavior, Vol. 35, No. 8, 1065-1078 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/0093854808318867
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