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Criminal Justice and Behavior
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Offender Coercion in Treatment

A Meta-Analysis of Effectiveness

Karen K. Parhar

University of Saskatchewan, karen.parhar{at}usask.ca

J. Stephen Wormith

University of Saskatchewan

Dena M. Derkzen

University of Saskatchewan

Adele M. Beauregard

University of Saskatchewan

Mandating offenders to attend correctional treatment is a controversial function of the justice system, in part because of the uncertainty about the effectiveness of such practice. A meta-analysis was conducted to compare the effectiveness of mandated, coerced, and voluntary correctional treatment in reducing recidivism. A search of correctional treatment studies resulted in 129 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. In general, mandated treatment was found to be ineffective in several analyses, particularly when the treatment was located in custodial settings, whereas voluntary treatment produced significant treatment effect sizes regardless of setting. Few significant differences in effect sizes were found between levels of coercion. The implications of mandating correctional treatment for offenders are discussed.

Key Words: meta-analysis • coercion • mandated treatment • voluntary treatment • correctional treatment

Criminal Justice and Behavior, Vol. 35, No. 9, 1109-1135 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/0093854808320169
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