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Criminal Justice and Behavior
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Evidence of Genetic and Environmental Effects On the Development of Low Self-Control

Kevin M. Beaver

Florida State University, kbeaver{at}fsu.edu

Marie Ratchford

Florida State University

Christopher J. Ferguson

Texas A&M International University

A body of research has revealed that low self-control is one of the strongest and most consistent predictors of antisocial behaviors. As a result, there is great interest in identifying the factors that cause variation in levels of self-control. Much of this work has centered on identifying the effects that social factors, such as parental socialization, have on self-control. More recently, however, there has been research revealing that levels of self-control are scripted by genetic factors as well as environmental factors. The current study examines whether a polymorphism (5HTTLPR) in the serotonin transporter gene and exposure to delinquent peers are associated with levels of self-control. Analysis of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health indicates that the 5HTTLPR polymorphism interacted with a measure of delinquent peer affiliation to predict variation in self-control during adolescence and adulthood. Implications for theories of crime causation are discussed.

Key Words: self-control • 5HTTLPR polymorphism • serotonin • delinquent peers • delinquency

This version was published on November 1, 2009

Criminal Justice and Behavior, Vol. 36, No. 11, 1158-1172 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/0093854809342859
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