The Rehabilitation and Reintegration of Offenders: The Current Landscape and Some Future Directions for Correctional Psychology
J. Stephen Wormith, Ph.D.1*,
Richard Althouse, Ph.D.2,
Mark Simpson, Ph.D.?,
Lorraine R. Reitzel, Ph.D.3,
Thomas J. Fagan, Ph.D.?4,
Robert D. Morgan, Ph.D.
1 University of Saskatchewan
2 Wisconsin Department of Corrections
3 University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
4 Nova Southeastern University
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: s.wormith{at}usask.ca.
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Abstract |
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The treatment literature on offender rehabilitation is reviewed with the purpose of deriving
further direction for researchers and clinicians in the field of correctional psychology.
After addressing the measurement of recidivism and other indicators of effectiveness, this
empirically guided article reviews individual studies and meta-analyses on effectiveness of
psychosocial correctional treatment for adult offenders and specialized treatment for
substance abuse offenders and sexual offenders. A foundation in the general principles of
offender intervention is established; principles such as risk, need, and responsivity are
upheld; and common themes including the use of cognitive-behavioral interventions and the
importance of treatment integrity emerge. However, questions move beyond "what
works" to detailed queries about the nuances of effective service delivery, including
client motivation. Well-controlled clinical studies and detailed process evaluations are
still required. Other new directions include the application of positive psychology to
offender treatment and the improvement of conditions under which community reentry is more
likely to succeed. Directions for further research on correctional treatment are suggested.