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Criminal Justice and Behavior
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Article

The Rehabilitation and Reintegration of Offenders: The Current Landscape and Some Future Directions for Correctional Psychology

J. Stephen Wormith, Ph.D.1*, Richard Althouse, Ph.D.2, Mark Simpson, Ph.D.?, Lorraine R. Reitzel, Ph.D.3, Thomas J. Fagan, Ph.D.?4, Robert D. Morgan, Ph.D.

1 University of Saskatchewan
2 Wisconsin Department of Corrections
3 University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
4 Nova Southeastern University

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: s.wormith{at}usask.ca.


  Abstract
The treatment literature on offender rehabilitation is reviewed with the purpose of deriving further direction for researchers and clinicians in the field of correctional psychology. After addressing the measurement of recidivism and other indicators of effectiveness, this empirically guided article reviews individual studies and meta-analyses on effectiveness of psychosocial correctional treatment for adult offenders and specialized treatment for substance abuse offenders and sexual offenders. A foundation in the general principles of offender intervention is established; principles such as risk, need, and responsivity are upheld; and common themes including the use of cognitive-behavioral interventions and the importance of treatment integrity emerge. However, questions move beyond "what works" to detailed queries about the nuances of effective service delivery, including client motivation. Well-controlled clinical studies and detailed process evaluations are still required. Other new directions include the application of positive psychology to offender treatment and the improvement of conditions under which community reentry is more likely to succeed. Directions for further research on correctional treatment are suggested.

First published on May 31, 2007, doi:10.1177/0093854807301552

Criminal Justice and Behavior 2007;34:879.

A more recent version of this article appeared on July 1, 2007

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